ASCII

The American Standard for Communication and Information Interchange (ASCII) is the way your computer knows what letter should be displayed when you press a key on your keyboard.

Each key sends a binary number to the computer, which looks it up in a table and displays the corresponding character. Being something that starts with "American", it should be no great shock to you that ASCII only does letters, numbers and symbols from the English alphabet. For other languages, special characters and symbols (yes, including Emojis) the Unicode Consortium was created. Unicode has all of the languages, and includes ASCII as part of it.

Below is the list of characters available in ASCII and their respective numbers. You should pay attention to the Dec column, which is the decimal number of the letter, and the Chr column, which is what letter is stored at that number. Ignore the other columns, they are just the decimal numbers but in different formats.